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  • Biology
    • Different Types of Biomolecules
      • Different types of vitamins, their function and role in the human body
        • Review of different types of vitamins, their function, deficiencies and reference values
        • The main difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and their role in metabolism
        • Function of vitamin C in the human body. Daily requirement and sources.
        • Vitamin B1 function and sources, daily requirement. Symptoms of thiamine deficiency.
        • Vitamin B2 function and sources, daily requirement and deficiency symptoms
      • Structure and functions of 3 types of carbohydrates
      • Structures and 3 main functions of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
      • 4 structures of proteins and their building blocks – 20 amino acids
      • Functions and building blocks of 2 types of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
      • Review of 4 major types of biomolecules and their functions.
    • Cellular energy
      • Cellular respiration
        • 4 main steps of cellular respiration
        • Reactants and products of 10 steps of glycolysis pathway (Embden–Meyerhof pathway)
        • Transition reaction - the first step in the process of aerobic cellular respiration
        • The Krebs Cycle – the second step of aerobic cellular respiration
        • Chemiosmosis and electron transport chain of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
      • Gluconeogenesis
        • What is gluconeogenesis - physiological function, key enzymes, substrates
    • Molecular genetics
      • DNA Technology
        • DNA Isolation (extraction steps) and Sorting (agarose gel electrophoresis)
        • 3 basic PCR steps of DNA amplification process
        • Different types of PCR technique and their principles
        • The major uses of PCR Technique
        • 5 key PCR components and their functions
        • Types of DNA sequencing: Sanger sequencing, whole genome shotgun sequencing, next-generation sequencing
        • Genetic engineering - Recombinant DNA technology steps
        • CRISPR companies working with CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology
        • PCR primer design tools
      • Different types of DNA mutations (gene vs chromosomal). Their causes and the Ames test procedure.
    • Homeostasis
      • What is homeostasis in the human body. Negative and positive feedback loops.
    • Excretory system
      • Functions of the kidney in a human body | Parts of the kidney
    • Endocrine system
      • Parts of endocrine system, different types of hormones and their functions
      • Anterior and posterior pituitary gland hormones and their functions
      • Thyroid (function of thyroxine) and parathyroid (blood calcium regulation) glands
      • Function of pancreas in human body | Different types of diabetes
      • Pineal gland and the function of melatonin hormone
      • Thymus gland location and function. Hormones produced by thymus.
      • Adrenal cortex and medulla hormones and their functions
    • Nervous system
      • The structure of the nervous system
      • How a neuron works
      • The role of the central nervous system in maintaining homeostasis
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  • Chemistry
    • Organic chemistry
      • Classification of hydrocarbons | Aliphatic vs. Aromatic, Saturated vs. Unsaturated hydrocarbons
      • Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
      • Aldehydes and Ketones: the carbonyl functional group, naming, reactions
      • Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Fats
      • Classification of amines. Their naming and properties. Biogenic amines.
      • Amides. Their naming and properties.
      • Different types of synthetic polymers and their uses. Addition vs. condensation polymers.
    • Energy changes and rates of reaction
      • Energy changes in chemical and nuclear reactions
      • Reaction rates
    • Chemical Systems and Equilibrium
      • Chemical system at equilibrium state
      • Equilibrium Law and the Equilibrium Constant
      • Changes in Equilibrium Systems
      • Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product Constant
      • The Nature of Acids and Bases
      • Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
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